What is meant by hazard in pipelining? Define data and control hazards.

        Any condition that causes the pipeline to stall is called a hazard.
 
      Data hazards are also known as data dependency. Data dependency is the condition in which the outcome of the current operation is dependent on the outcome of a previous instruction that has not yet been executed to completion because of the effect of the pipeline.

     Control hazard is caused by uncertainty of execution path, branch taken or
not taken. It is a hazard that arises when an attempt is made to make a decision before condition is evaluated. It results when we branch to a new location in the program, invalidating everything we have loaded in our pipeline.

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